PSG has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the match featuring the French league winners and the Coupe de France winners after the French winger opened the net in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to take a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the dying moments to send the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.